Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a cutting-edge solution for wastewater treatment due to its remarkable performance in removing organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. Recent advances in MBR design and operation have led significant improvements in process efficiency,

The capability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating agricultural wastewater has been a subject of thorough research. These systems offer strengths such as high removal rates for organic matter, compact footprint, and reduced energy consumption. This article provides